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OCR – A
OCR – B
EDEXCEL
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CAIE
25. Astronomy and cosmology
25.1 Standard candles
understand the term luminosity as the total power of radiation emitted by a star
recall and use the inverse square law for radiant flux intensity F in terms of the luminosity L of the source F = L /(4πd2 )
understand that an object of known luminosity is called a standard candle
understand the use of standard candles to determine distances to galaxies
25.2 Stellar radii
recall and use Wien’s displacement law λmax ∝ 1 / T to estimate the peak surface temperature of a star
use the Stefan–Boltzmann law L = 4πσr 2 T4
use Wien’s displacement law and the Stefan–Boltzmann law to estimate the radius of a star
25.3 Hubble’s law and the Big Bang theory
understand that the lines in the emission spectra from distant objects show an increase in wavelength from their known values
use ∆λ / λ . ∆f/f . v / c for the redshift of electromagnetic radiation from a source moving relative to an observer
explain why redshift leads to the idea that the Universe is expanding
recall and use Hubble’s law v . H0d and explain how this leads to the Big Bang theory (candidates will only be required to use SI units)
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